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Emphasis on Cognitive and Social Development
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Emphasis on Rote Learning and Social Behavior
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Teacher has guiding role |
Teacher controls classroom |
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Environment and method encourage self-discipline
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Teacher acts as primary enforcer of discipline
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Mainly individual instruction |
Mainly group instruction |
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Mixed age groups |
Same age groups |
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Grouping encourages children to teach and
collaborate |
Teaching is done by teacher; collaboration is
discouraged |
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Child chooses own work |
Curriculum structured for child |
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Child discovers own concepts from self-teaching
materials |
Child is guided to concepts by teacher
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Child is allocated time to work on and complete
lesson |
Child generally allotted specific time for work |
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Child sets own learning pace |
Instruction pace set by group |
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Child spots own errors from feedback of material |
Errors in child's work highlighted by teacher
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Child reinforces own learning by repetition of
work and internal feelings of success |
Learning is reinforced externally by repetition,
rewards and punishment |
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Child can work where he chooses, move about and
talk at will (yet not disturb work of others), group work
voluntary |
Child usually assigned seat; required to
participate during group lessons |
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Multi-sensory materials for physical exploration
organizes program for learning care of self and environment |
No organized program for self-care instruction -
left primarily up to parents |